Use Cases & Demos
Explore SUSTAIN-6G 9 use cases on agriculture, smart grid and telemedicine that contribute to fostering a holistic perspective of sustainability in the context of 6G.
More detailed information about these use-case-driven sustainability needs and technical requirements can be found in the D2.1 Sustainability baseline, UCs, and baseline requirements.
Agriculture UC1
Connectivity on Demand: Temporary Connectivity
Solutions in Rural Areas

This UC addresses the rural connectivity gap, a major barrier to the adoption of smart farming technologies. By enabling reliable, on-demand connectivity, it allows farmers to use modern tools without interruption, leading to:
- Higher productivity through real-time monitoring and decision-making
- Improved efficiency by minimising downtime
- Greater sustainability via precision farming and resource optimisation
The main challenge is the lack of stable connectivity, which limits the use of IoT devices and coordinated machinery operations, such as harvesters and tractors working together. These applications require continuous communication to function effectively and pave the way for future automation.
Temporary, on-demand connectivity reduces the need for permanent infrastructure in areas where it is not always required. This approach saves energy, labour, and resources, aligning with UN SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 15 (Life on Land).
This UC addresses the rural connectivity gap, a major barrier to the adoption of smart farming technologies. By enabling reliable, on-demand connectivity, it allows farmers to use modern tools without interruption, leading to:
- Higher productivity through real-time monitoring and decision-making
- Improved efficiency by minimising downtime
- Greater sustainability via precision farming and resource optimisation
The main challenge is the lack of stable connectivity, which limits the use of IoT devices and coordinated machinery operations, such as harvesters and tractors working together. These applications require continuous communication to function effectively and pave the way for future automation.
Temporary, on-demand connectivity reduces the need for permanent infrastructure in areas where it is not always required. This approach saves energy, labour, and resources, aligning with UN SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 15 (Life on Land).
Agriculture UC2
Task Offloading to the Edge for Critical and Resource-Demanding Tasks

Modern agriculture increasingly relies on advanced technologies, but processing data from sensors, drones, and machinery requires significant computing power. Equipping each vehicle with high-performance hardware is costly and energy-inefficient, especially when not used continuously.
A more efficient approach is task offloading to edge computing, where selected tasks are processed by shared edge resources instead of individual machines. This reduces energy consumption and hardware costs while still delivering the necessary performance for advanced agricultural applications.
The proposed UC illustrates how vehicles, edge platforms, and cloud servers can work together to support this model.
This UC addresses the need for efficient and cost-effective computational resources in modern agriculture. By offloading tasks to edge computing resources, this UC ensures that the resource-demanding tasks are handled efficiently, thereby providing the necessary performance for advanced agricultural applications.
Agriculture UC3
Agriculture Data vs. Information

Technology has become fundamental to the development and sustainability of agriculture. With a growing global population and the need to produce more food with fewer resources, tools such as artificial intelligence, IoT sensors, satellite remote sensing and automation are revolutionising the sector. These innovations make it possible to optimise water and fertiliser use, improve crop management, and reduce environmental impact.
In addition, real-time data analytics enable more accurate decision-making, helping farmers increase productivity and profitability in an increasingly challenging environment due to climate change and market volatility.
This UC combines data from different sources like field sensors, climatic stations, soil analysis, and satellite images, providing a context of the crop as shown in Figure 6-7 in real time.
Real-time context enables more accurate crop management decisions, resulting in more efficient use of all resources involved in production, primarily water, energy, and agrochemicals. In addition to saving these resources, providing the plant with exactly what it needs improves production, enhancing crop quality and productivity, ultimately boosting profitability.
The challenge highlighted in this UC is data interpretation. The limitation is not the cost of the technology or the communications infrastructure. The limitation lies in the cost of data interpretation and the availability of experienced advisors.
The average grower can afford the required technology, including service subscriptions and IoT sensors. However, they often cannot afford the cost of a professional agronomic expert providing crop management recommendations on a daily basis based on the data generated by these technologies.
It is not possible to make effective crop management decisions by reviewing satellite imagery or sensor data in isolation. Multiple contextual factors must be considered simultaneously. This is why human experts analysing diverse agronomic datasets have traditionally been essential.
Today, however, the landscape is changing. Satellite imagery and sensor data can now be combined, while deep learning and artificial intelligence enable systems to become context-aware. Reasoning and decision-making software can achieve results much closer to those of a human expert.
This creates significant opportunities for both agronomic experts and growers. These tools allow experts to perform their work more efficiently and potentially support 40 to 50 times more clients than they do today. For growers, this translates into a more accessible and affordable service.
Smart Grid UC1
6G-enabled grid balancing services from distribution grid assets

This UC focus is on enabling Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), such as home batteries, electric vehicles, and smart appliances, to actively participate in grid balancing and frequency response services, in real time, and by leveraging 6G capabilities [BAP+22].
Traditional grid control systems lack the flexibility and response time to manage the increasing complexity and the growing instability from the integration of DERs, in parallel to the decentralisation of power generation.
Preconditions include the availability of wireless connectivity with edge nodes deployed near DERs, functional DER control units (e.g., microcontrollers), and an energy market framework that allows Distribution System Operators (DSOs) and Transmission System Operators (TSOs) requesting services.
Post-conditions entail successful DER dispatch, measurable frequency stabilisation, logged activation events, and market validation.
The objective is to demonstrate that a distributed, latency-sensitive, AI-supported grid balancing service orchestration, with high reliability and scalability in the number of DERs, enabling a sustainable and decentralised power grid.
This use case is needed because current grid control systems are not designed for the speed, scale, and decentralisation introduced by modern Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) such as home batteries, electric vehicles, and smart appliances. Existing approaches like SCADA and DERMS typically rely on centralised coordination and operate on slow time cycles, making them unsuitable for real-time frequency stabilisation, which requires sub-second response.
At the same time, the increasing penetration of renewables makes the grid more unstable and dependent on fast, local balancing actions. However, there is currently no scalable and interoperable mechanism to coordinate large numbers of heterogeneous DERs across different stakeholders in real time.
Communication and architecture limitations further worsen the problem, as cloud-based systems introduce latency and 5G deployments still lack fully distributed, AI-driven orchestration at grid scale. This creates a gap between available flexibility and its practical use.
This use case addresses these issues by enabling a distributed, edge-based and AI-supported coordination of DERs, allowing fast grid balancing, improved resilience, reduced reliance on centralised generation, and greater participation of small energy producers in flexibility markets.
Smart Grid UC2
Resilient Grid Section Operation

This use case addresses the increasing need to actively control modern distribution grids under high penetration of renewable energy sources and flexible loads such as electric vehicle chargers and renewable energy communities. It focuses on enabling Distribution System Operators to exploit distributed flexibility within medium and low voltage networks through ICT-based monitoring, data processing, and control capabilities. By leveraging 6G-enabled communication, the use case supports a more dynamic and responsive grid operation where flexibility from distributed assets, such as PV-battery systems, can be used to reduce load, mitigate congestion, and support system stability, even under fault conditions.
The use case is needed because traditional distribution grids were designed for passive operation and are not equipped to manage the variability and decentralisation introduced by renewable generation and flexible consumption. Although flexibility already exists within the system, it remains largely untapped due to limited real-time visibility, control capabilities, and coordination mechanisms. DSOs currently lack the tools to fully utilise distributed resources for ancillary services, which limits grid resilience, increases operational risks during congestion or faults, and reduces the ability to integrate higher shares of renewables. This UC therefore addresses a critical gap by enabling real-time, coordinated and scalable use of flexibility, supporting both regulatory compliance and the transition towards a more sustainable and resilient energy system.
Smart Grid UC3
Joint Planning of 6G / Smart Grid Infrastructures

The joint planning of 6G and smart grid infrastructures is vital to achieving cost-effective, resilient, and sustainable ICT systems. As 6G scales with dense small cells, edge computing, and a surge in connected devices, energy demands will rise sharply, exceeding the capacity of traditional centralised grids. To meet this challenge, localised micro-grids powered by renewables and managed by AI-driven EMS offer adaptive, low-carbon energy provisioning. This enables intelligent energy allocation to 6G nodes, aligning infrastructure sustainability with operational efficiency.
Integrating solar, wind, and storage systems—advanced batteries and/or hydrogen storage—will be essential to mitigate RES intermittency and ensure network stability. AI-based optimisation will guide the siting of 6G components near energy hubs and reduce transmission losses. In urban areas, rooftop solar on telco infrastructure can partially power nodes, while rural deployments may rely on community-based RES and storage for energy autonomy.
Advanced EMS will forecast demand, balance load, and coordinate DERs, ensuring 6G components adapt to real-time energy availability and constraints. AI-based prediction and adaptive slicing will prioritise critical services under limited power conditions. To enhance resilience, intelligent control of hybrid storage—including long-duration hydrogen solutions—will optimise efficiency and continuity across varied deployment scenarios.
Telemedecine UC1
Telemedicine UC1: Concurrent Preoperative Surgical/ Engineering Planning

The use case focuses on enabling a Remote Concurrent Preoperative Planning Framework (RCPPF) that allows surgeons and engineers to collaboratively perform advanced surgical planning at a distance. It combines analysis of 2D medical images, creation of 3D anatomical models, and further processing such as implant or resection guide design. The framework supports real-time collaboration through shared interfaces (screen, keyboard, mouse, webcams) and extends this into a multi-user, immersive environment using VR tools for 3D model interaction. It is designed to be open and interoperable with a wide range of certified medical software and to support specialised surgical domains. The system also enables participation from external experts, trainees, and advisors, and is applicable in both planned interventions and emergency or disaster medicine scenarios where remote access to imaging data from ambulances or point-of-care devices is required.
This use case is needed because current preoperative planning practices are constrained by the need for physical co-location of specialised personnel and by limited videoconferencing tools that do not adequately support complex medical data interaction. As a result, surgeons often perform interventions without full 3D preparation or patient-specific planning support, increasing workload and risk. The lack of high-performance remote collaboration tools also restricts access to expertise in peripheral or underserved hospitals and creates inefficiencies due to travel requirements for engineering support. In emergency and disaster contexts, these limitations become even more critical, as timely, lossless, and high-quality data exchange is required for rapid decision-making. The proposed framework addresses these gaps by enabling lossless, real-time, multi-user collaboration with strong requirements on latency, reliability, and bandwidth, ultimately improving surgical precision, reducing risk and costs, and increasing equitable access to advanced medical planning services.
Telemedecine UC2
Remote Rehabilitation Assessment

The use case focuses on enabling a remote rehabilitation assessment framework that allows patients to perform therapeutic exercises at home while being monitored in real time by healthcare professionals. It removes the need for wearable sensors by relying on camera-based motion tracking, where AI models analyse video streams to assess movement quality and provide immediate feedback. When deviations are detected, the system can either suggest corrective actions directly to the patient or escalate to a clinician for remote video consultation. The solution integrates AI, extended reality (XR), and augmented reality (AR) to create an immersive rehabilitation experience, including applications such as virtual prosthesis mirroring for phantom limb pain therapy. Clinicians can remotely monitor progress, adjust treatment plans, and intervene when necessary, while the system continuously collects and labels data to improve model performance over time.
This use case is needed because traditional rehabilitation services require frequent in-person visits, which create significant physical, economic, and logistical burdens for patients, particularly those with limited mobility or living in rural or underserved regions. At the same time, healthcare systems face increasing demand for rehabilitation services, with limited availability of specialised staff, equipment, and appointment capacity, leading to long waiting lists and reduced access to care. Current solutions are not scalable enough to provide continuous, personalised monitoring outside clinical environments, and often rely on cumbersome sensor setups that reduce usability and adoption. This use case addresses these limitations by enabling scalable, home-based rehabilitation supported by AI-driven assessment and immersive feedback technologies, improving accessibility, reducing healthcare system pressure, and allowing clinicians to focus on more critical cases while maintaining quality of care.
Telemedecine UC3
Privacy-Aware Medical Data Federation with 6G-Assisted Trust Establishment

Qualtek’s UC focuses on an e-Health/Telemedicine platform that features two key points.
The first point is about controlled utilisation of federated medical data on the grounds of trusted code to data patterns. Medical data may include patient records gathered and managed by institutions such as Hospitals, diagnostic centres or even doctors’ offices. The data concept expands also to AI-developed diagnostic models due to the protection requirement against inference attacks. In principle the UC aims at demonstrating adequate sovereignty over personal or owned information and the value potential of
it.
The second point is the provision of a trusted environment for data access and processing, that ensures protection (including confidentiality) in the management of medical information (which is considered sensitive personal data, as per GDPR [R2016/679]). This trust shall be provided by technical enforcement of the consent options of the individual, as stipulated by policies regarding provisions and prohibitions. The concept of the trusted environment expands to cater for protection requirements
relating to data products (e.g. AI models) and credible attribution of data provenance and ownership to the providers of data and developers of AI models.
The UC focuses on exploiting data without the need for centralised architectures and data
movement/duplication. This is achieved by introducing a data plane dimension that is integrated with and across the network (data-aware slices) and makes possible the utilisation of assets in various workflows and scenarios. The data plane dimension supports advertisement, discovery, usage negotiation and orchestration of trusted artifacts for the envisaged usage scenarios.
The UC challenges this pattern by introducing requirements aiming at automating enforcement of policies as well as guaranteeing that the overall data management is limited to what is foreseen by the will of the individual. Additionally, the UC invests significantly on the preservation of data value by ensuring that any exploitation of the primary or secondary products can trace back to the contributors, thus ensuring a proper share (claim of such share is not the subject of this UC, however).
The UC aims for data to remain where they are created, with the 6G network adopting of the trusted code- to data paradigm. It also aims to turn the use of AI-generated diagnostic models into a collaborative task with all participating nodes retaining fundamental rights, such as in/out opting and value share. Processing and training workflows not only shall address connectivity but also require active and trusted participation of the network in the processing plane. A new secure network slice pattern is to be created, which is enabling the individual to exploit/combine network connectivity capabilities with built-in privacy protection (e2e slice between owner’s assets, e.g. phone or home camera). The envisaged components and patterns may allow for future intelligence orchestration by the network, instead of the participating business/application/service
